Design automatic lighting system to illuminate the car engine at only night when the car bonnet is open for Toyota carina
The problem of a darkness in engine when your open the bonnet during night is very common issue for all car, so when you want to check a car engine during night is an a big problem, so it required to finding external light in order to help you to check engine during night.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
There are no source of light underneath car bonnets, therefore are problems to see when there is insufficient light or darkness. Based on this problem I decide to propose this project that will illuminate automatic beneath the car bonnet when the light is not sufficient or when there is darkness.
OBJECTIVES
MAIN OBJECTIVES
The main objective is to design automatic lighting system which will switch on system automatic when bonnet open but only at night period in order to save issue of finding external light to check problems in engine during night when occur
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Build the designed circuit
Select proper components for the circuit.
Design the prototype.
Test the prototype.
SIGNIFICANCES OF THE PROJECT
The proposed system will help to eliminate darkness in engine during night when a car bonnet is open.
It help to increase the efficiency of check up the engine.
It can be easily to find and know the car engine problem when occur during night.
It can be easily to solve a problem in a car engine when occur at night.
METHODOLOGY
Literature review
Data collection
Data analysis
Design system circuit
Building prototype circuit
Testing prototype circuit
Report writing
LITERATURE REVIEW
EXISTING SYSTEM.
The process of illuminate the car engine during a night is as follow
THE DISADVANTAGE OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
The disadvantage of the system is, it course a disturbance when your check engine problem.
It take time to finding the external source of light.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system decide to consist of the following; power system, switch, sensor and lamp
ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEMS
Advantages of this existing system is that, it help to increase the efficiency to check up the engine during night.
It can be easily to find and know the car engine problem when occur during night
It can be easily to solve the problem in a car engine when occur at night
DATA COLLECTION
Voltage supply 12v
Fuse rating 5A
Width of engine area 110cm or 1.1m
Length of engine area 90cm or 0.9m
Total area surround engine 9.9m2
Amount of luminous 2000lux
DATA ANALYSIS
PROPOSED CIRCUIT
PRINCIPLE OPERATION OF A PROPOSED CIRCUIT
When the LDR sensing light it will allow a current it, when the switch is in ON position due to low resistor in LDR and bock to enter in transistor base current due to high resistor compare to LDR resistor and when there was a darkness the current fail to follow through a LDR and flow though a base transistor.so will allow power to flow though a load from collector to emitter. Due trigger of a resistor there was amount of current required to pass though a Base of a transistor
Voltage supply 12v
Fuse rating 5A
Width of engine area 110cm or 1.1m
Length of engine area 90cm or 0.9m
Total area surround engine 9.9m2
Amount of luminous 200lux
Luminance = 200lx
But
Lumens Area x luminance
= 9.9*200
Lumens = 1980lm
Also
1lumens = 0.0016w
1980lm = ?
Power = 3.168watts
Power = 3.168w
Voltage supply = 12v
Power = VI
I = power/voltage
I = 3.168/12
=0.264A
Current of a load = 0.264A
TRANSISTOR ANALYSIS AS A SWITCH
The transistor to be used in a circuit is for the purpose of switching off and on load.
Load resistance (RL)= 45.45Ξ©
Load voltage V = 12V
From
Vcc = ILRL + Vce
At saturated condition Vce = 0
Vcc = ILRL
12 = o.264 (RL)
β΄ RL = 45.45omhs
Due to this BC547 was selected because this current is less than the maximum value
For base resistance
From
IB (saturation) = 5mA
IL (saturation) = 100mA
Base voltage(VB) = 5V
VBE = 0.7V
VB = IBRB + VBE
RB = ππ΅βππ΅πΈ
πΌπ΅
= 5 β 0.7
5ππ΄
β΄ = 860Ξ©
LDR (Light Dependent Transistor) analysis
From the datasheet of a transistor.
Current = 75mA max
Cell resistance of 1000lx = 400 ohms
Cell resistance of 10lx = 9k ohms
Dark Resistance = 1M ohms
Power dissipation = 100mW
The current that pass through a resistor R2
Current in R2=current in RB + current in LDR
= IB +ILDR,
= 0.005 + O.O75
=0.08A
The current of R2 = 0.08A
Proposed circuit
CONCLUSION
The designed circuit has been tested and it operates well. It seems that when the completion and use of circuit is going to be done properly, the problem will be solved. From the analyzed data and other related materials were successfully collected. So the problem of darkness or insufficient light in carina car engine is solved.
RECOMMENDATION
In order to achieve in this approach I recommend that precise values of all analyzed components are much required so as to meet accuracy of the system. Also I suggest that replacement of components that are not working should be equivalent rather than using the approach during the implementation of this system and finally due to the fixed of time and lack of adequate reviews it is recommended that for those who wants to improve the system or suggest any other methods its open for any one.